Heat Rash (Prickly Heat, Miliaria)

What is Heat Rash?

Heat rash, also called prickly heat or miliaria, is a skin condition caused by blocked sweat ducts. When sweat cannot escape from the skin properly, it leads to irritation and the formation of tiny red bumps or blisters.

Causes

• Hot and humid weather

• Excessive sweating

• Tight or non-breathable clothing

• Prolonged exposure to heat

• Overheating from physical activity or fever

Types of Heat Rash

1. Miliaria Crystallina

   • Mildest form

   • Tiny, clear, fluid-filled blisters

   • Usually on the chest, back, or abdomen

   • No itching or discomfort

2. Miliaria Rubra (Prickly Heat)

   • Most common

   • Small red bumps with itching or prickling sensation

   • Occurs mainly in areas where sweat accumulates: neck, chest, back, groin, and underarms

3. Miliaria Profunda

   • Deeper layer of the skin affected

   • Flesh-colored, firm bumps

   • Less common, can cause discomfort and heat intolerance

Symptoms

• Small red or pink bumps on the skin

• Itching or prickling sensation

• Mild swelling or inflammation

• Sometimes, tiny blisters or clear bumps

• Discomfort in hot/humid conditions

Diagnosis

• Usually clinical by appearance and patient history

• No specific tests needed

Treatment

General Care:

• Keep the affected area cool and dry

• Wear loose, lightweight, breathable clothes (cotton preferred)

• Avoid excessive heat and sweating

• Take cool showers or baths

• Use fans or air conditioning

Topical Treatments:

• Calamine lotion to soothe itching

• Mild corticosteroid creams (for severe itching, only for short term and under doctor’s advice)

• Antihistamine tablets for itching if recommended

• Avoid oily or heavy creams that can block sweat ducts

Home Remedies

• Applying cold compress or cool water to affected areas

• Using aloe vera gel for soothing effect

• Keeping skin clean and dry

• Avoiding excessive friction or rubbing on rash area

When to See a Doctor

• Rash does not improve in a few days

• Signs of infection: increased redness, swelling, pain, pus

• Fever or systemic symptoms develop

• Rash spreads extensively or is severe

Prevention

• Stay in cool environments during hot weather

• Use breathable clothing

• Avoid heavy creams or ointments in hot weather

• Keep skin clean and dry

• Stay hydrated to reduce overheating