What is Sciatica?

Sciatica refers to pain that radiates along the path of the sciatic nerve — which branches from your lower back through your hips and buttocks and down each leg. It typically affects only one side of your body.

Causes of Sciatica

• Herniated Disc: The most common cause, when a disc in the spine presses on the sciatic nerve.

• Spinal Stenosis: Narrowing of the spinal canal compresses the nerve.

• Piriformis Syndrome: The piriformis muscle in the buttocks irritates the sciatic nerve.

• Degenerative Disc Disease: Age-related wear and tear affecting spinal discs.

• Spondylolisthesis: A vertebra slips forward over another, pinching the nerve.

• Trauma or Injury: Direct injury to the lower back or pelvis.

• Tumors or infections (rare).

Symptoms of Sciatica

• Sharp, shooting pain radiating from the lower back through the buttock and down the leg.

• Burning or tingling sensations.

• Muscle weakness in the affected leg or foot.

• Numbness or difficulty moving the leg or foot.

• Pain worsens with sitting, coughing, or sneezing.

• Usually affects only one side of the body.

Diagnosis

• Physical Exam: Checking muscle strength, reflexes, and pain response.

• Imaging Tests: MRI or CT scans to identify herniated discs or spinal stenosis.

• Nerve tests: Electromyography (EMG) to assess nerve function.

Treatment of Sciatica

1. Conservative/Home Care

• Rest: Avoid prolonged sitting or standing.

• Cold/Heat Therapy: Ice packs first 48 hours, then warm compresses.

• Pain Relievers: NSAIDs like ibuprofen or naproxen.

• Physical Therapy: Stretching and strengthening exercises.

• Lifestyle Changes: Maintain proper posture, avoid heavy lifting.

2. Medications

• Muscle relaxants.

• Oral steroids.

• In severe cases, nerve pain medications like gabapentin.

3. Alternative Therapies

• Acupuncture.

• Chiropractic adjustments.

• Yoga and Pilates for flexibility.

4. Surgical Options

• Considered if pain persists beyond 6 weeks or worsens.

• Discectomy (removal of herniated disc part).

• Laminectomy (removal of bone causing nerve pressure).

Prevention Tips

• Regular exercise to strengthen back muscles.

• Maintain a healthy weight.

• Practice good posture.

• Avoid prolonged sitting.

• Use proper techniques when lifting heavy objects.

When to See a Doctor Immediately?

• Loss of bowel or bladder control.

• Severe weakness in the leg.

• Progressive worsening of symptoms.

• Sudden, severe pain following trauma.