What is Ringworm?

Ringworm, medically known as tinea, is a common fungal infection of the skin. Despite its name, it is not caused by a worm but by a group of fungi called dermatophytes. It affects the skin, scalp, nails, or feet.

Causes

• Caused by dermatophyte fungi (e.g., Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton species)

• Spreads through direct skin-to-skin contact or by touching contaminated objects like towels, clothes, or surfaces

• Thrives in warm, moist environments

Symptoms

• Circular, red, scaly patches on the skin

• The patches may be itchy and may expand outward forming ring-like shapes with clearer centers

• Cracking, peeling, or blistering of skin in affected areas

• Hair loss in scalp infections

• Thickened, discolored nails in nail infections

Common Types of Ringworm

• Tinea corporis: Ringworm on the body

• Tinea pedis (Athlete’s foot): Ringworm on the feet

• Tinea cruris (Jock itch): Ringworm in the groin area

• Tinea capitis: Ringworm on the scalp

• Tinea unguium (Onychomycosis): Ringworm in the nails

Diagnosis

• Physical examination of the skin

• Skin scraping examined under a microscope or cultured to identify the fungus

Treatment

• Topical antifungal creams (e.g., clotrimazole, miconazole, terbinafine) applied to the affected area for 2-4 weeks

• Oral antifungal medications (e.g., terbinafine, griseofulvin) for extensive infections or scalp/nail involvement

• Keep the affected area clean and dry

• Avoid sharing personal items to prevent spread

Prevention

• Maintain good personal hygiene

• Keep skin dry and cool

• Avoid sharing towels, clothing, and sports gear

• Wear breathable clothing

• Treat pets if infected, as they can carry fungi