Pancreatitis

Definition

Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, an organ behind the stomach that produces digestive enzymes and hormones like insulin.

Types

1. Acute Pancreatitis

• Sudden inflammation that lasts for a short time.

• Usually reversible with proper treatment.

1. Chronic Pancreatitis

• Long-lasting inflammation that leads to permanent damage.

• Can cause scarring and affect pancreas function.

Causes

• Gallstones blocking the pancreatic duct

• Excessive alcohol consumption

• Certain medications

• High triglyceride levels

• Pancreatic injury or surgery

• Infections or genetic factors

Symptoms

• Severe upper abdominal pain, often radiating to the back

• Nausea and vomiting

• Fever

• Rapid pulse

• Swollen and tender abdomen

• Fatty, foul-smelling stools (in chronic cases)

Diagnosis

• Blood tests showing elevated pancreatic enzymes (amylase, lipase)

• Imaging: Ultrasound, CT scan, MRI

• Endoscopic ultrasound or ERCP in some cases

Treatment

Acute Pancreatitis

• Hospitalization for hydration and pain control

• Fasting to rest the pancreas

• Treat underlying cause (e.g., remove gallstones)

• Nutritional support when recovery begins

Chronic Pancreatitis

• Pain management

• Enzyme supplements to aid digestion

• Lifestyle changes: avoid alcohol, low-fat diet

• Surgery in severe cases

Complications

• Infection or abscess in the pancreas

• Pseudocysts (fluid-filled sacs)

• Pancreatic necrosis (tissue death)

• Diabetes due to insulin production loss

• Malnutrition

Prevention

• Avoid excessive alcohol use

• Maintain healthy triglyceride levels

• Manage gallstones promptly

• Balanced diet and healthy weight