Nasal Polyps

What are Nasal Polyps?

Nasal polyps are soft, painless, noncancerous growths on the lining of the nasal passages or sinuses. They result from chronic inflammation due to asthma, recurring infections, allergies, drug sensitivity, or certain immune disorders.

Causes

• Chronic inflammation in the nasal passages and sinuses

• Allergic rhinitis (hay fever)

• Asthma

• Recurrent sinus infections

• Sensitivity to aspirin or other NSAIDs

• Cystic fibrosis

• Immune system disorders

Symptoms

• Nasal congestion and blockage

• Runny nose

• Postnasal drip

• Reduced or lost sense of smell and taste

• Facial pain or pressure

• Snoring

• Frequent sinus infections

• Mouth breathing (due to nasal obstruction)

Diagnosis

• Physical examination with nasal endoscopy (a thin tube with a camera)

• Imaging studies such as CT scan to assess the extent of polyps and sinus involvement

Types of Nasal Polyps

• Antrochoanal polyps (arise from the maxillary sinuses)

• Ethmoidal polyps (arise from the ethmoid sinuses)

Treatment

Medical Treatment

• Nasal corticosteroids: Sprays to reduce inflammation and shrink polyps (e.g., fluticasone, mometasone)

• Oral or injectable corticosteroids: For more severe cases

• Antihistamines: If allergies contribute to the problem

• Antibiotics: For bacterial sinus infections

• Saline nasal rinses: To clear nasal passages

Surgical Treatment

• Polypectomy: Removal of polyps using minimally invasive instruments

• Endoscopic sinus surgery: To remove polyps and correct issues in the sinuses to improve drainage

Home Remedies and Lifestyle Tips

• Use a humidifier to keep nasal passages moist

• Avoid allergens and irritants (smoke, dust, pollution)

• Regular saline nasal irrigation

• Manage allergies effectively

Complications

• Recurrence of polyps (common even after treatment)

• Obstructive sleep apnea

• Chronic sinus infections

When to See a Doctor

• Persistent nasal congestion lasting more than 10 days

• Difficulty breathing through the nose

• Frequent sinus infections

• Loss of smell or taste