Laryngitis

Definition:
Laryngitis is inflammation of the larynx (voice box), which houses the vocal cords. This inflammation leads to voice changes, hoarseness, or loss of voice.

Causes

• Viral infections (most common, like the common cold or flu)

• Bacterial infections (less common)

• Overuse or strain of the vocal cords (e.g., shouting, singing)

• Irritants such as smoke, allergens, or acid reflux

• Allergies

• Exposure to dry air or pollutants

Symptoms

• Hoarseness or weak voice

• Loss of voice (aphonia)

• Sore throat or scratchy sensation

• Dry cough

• Difficulty speaking

• Mild fever (sometimes)

Types

• Acute Laryngitis: Usually caused by infections or vocal strain, lasting less than 3 weeks.

• Chronic Laryngitis: Lasting more than 3 weeks, often caused by smoking, acid reflux, or chronic irritants.

Diagnosis

• Physical examination, including throat and neck check

• Medical history of symptoms and potential irritants

• Laryngoscopy (looking at vocal cords with a special scope) in persistent cases

Treatment

General Measures:

• Resting the voice

• Staying hydrated

• Avoiding irritants (smoking, alcohol, pollutants)

• Using a humidifier to moisten air

Medications:

• Pain relievers (acetaminophen or ibuprofen)

• Throat lozenges or sprays

• Treating underlying infections if bacterial (antibiotics rarely needed)

• Acid reflux management if relevant

When to See a Doctor:

• If hoarseness lasts more than 2 weeks

• Difficulty breathing or swallowing

• Severe pain or high fever

• Blood in sputum or throat

Prevention

• Avoid smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke

• Limit yelling or excessive voice use

• Manage acid reflux effectively

• Practice good hand hygiene to avoid infections