Hydrocele
Hydrocele
What is Hydrocele?
A hydrocele is a painless swelling or fluid-filled sac around a testicle that causes the scrotum to enlarge. It occurs when fluid collects in the thin sheath surrounding the testicle.
Types of Hydrocele
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Communicating Hydrocele:
Fluid flows freely between the abdomen and scrotum, often due to an open connection called the processus vaginalis. -
Non-communicating Hydrocele:
Fluid is trapped around the testicle and does not communicate with the abdomen.
Causes
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Congenital (present from birth, especially in infants)
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Injury or trauma to the scrotum
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Infection or inflammation (such as epididymitis or orchitis)
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Tumors or growths affecting the testicle or scrotum
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Post-surgical complications
Symptoms
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Swelling or enlargement of one or both sides of the scrotum
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Generally painless or only mild discomfort
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A feeling of heaviness in the scrotum
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The swelling may fluctuate in size, sometimes larger at the end of the day
Diagnosis
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Physical examination (transillumination test — shining a light through the scrotum shows fluid)
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Ultrasound to confirm fluid presence and rule out other causes like hernia or tumors
Treatment
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Observation: In infants, hydroceles often resolve on their own by age 1 or 2.
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Surgical Repair (Hydrocelectomy): Recommended if the hydrocele is large, painful, or persists beyond infancy.
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Aspiration: Draining fluid with a needle is rarely used due to high recurrence risk and infection concerns.
Home Care & Prevention
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Wearing supportive underwear may reduce discomfort.
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Avoid heavy lifting or strenuous activities if swelling worsens.
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Treat any infections promptly.
When to See a Doctor
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If swelling is painful, increasing rapidly, or associated with redness/fever.
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If you notice lumps, changes in testicular size, or discomfort during urination.
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To rule out other serious conditions like hernia or testicular tumors.